Free PDF Positional Faithfulness: An Optimality Theoretic Treatment of Phonological Asymmetries (Outstanding Dissertations in Linguistics), by Jill
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Positional Faithfulness: An Optimality Theoretic Treatment of Phonological Asymmetries (Outstanding Dissertations in Linguistics), by Jill
Free PDF Positional Faithfulness: An Optimality Theoretic Treatment of Phonological Asymmetries (Outstanding Dissertations in Linguistics), by Jill
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First Published in 1999. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
- Sales Rank: #14873494 in Books
- Published on: 1999-06-01
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 8.50" h x 5.50" w x .75" l, 1.00 pounds
- Binding: Hardcover
- 316 pages
Most helpful customer reviews
12 of 20 people found the following review helpful.
Analysis of the tendency to preserve contrasts at edges
By A Customer
While the author has undertaken an ambitious topic, it is not clear that the thesis really provides any new insights to the topic. The notion that phonological contrasts are preserved at (morphological, prosodic, or syllable) edges is an old one dating back to (at least) Trubetzkoy. It has received more recent discussion as well, including the work of Donca Steriade.
The author provides an Optimality Theoretic (OT) analysis of this tendency by via the faithfulness family of constraints. Essentially, constraints that require faithfulness are more ardently enforced at edges of phonological phrases, roots, words, or syllables.
Trubetzkoy and Steriade attribute the phenomenon to the observation that phonetic contrasts are more salient in onset position than in a complex coda. Aside from encoding this observation in OT, I don't see that this thesis contributes much to our understanding of the phenomenon.
The fact that morphological edges emerge as "special" in some languages raises an interesting question as to what edges are most important. For example, the author discusses at length the fact that in the Bantu language Shona, more contrasts are found in the first stem vowel (position) than in subsequent vowels. The author attributes this to positional faithfulness-i.e., the height of the first stem vowel is more faithfully maintained than subsequent vowels. As this is a case of a morphological edge (verb stems in Shona, like all Bantu languages, are proceeded by subject and tense prefixes in all but a few contexts, such as commands), one might be tempted to say that Stem Faithfulness outranks word faithfulness. Unfortunately, in other Bantu languages, high vowel suffixes alter the height of stem vowels. Thus, in KiKuria, the agentive suffix [i] raises the stem vowel. We can only conclude that in KiKuria, Stem Faithfulness is outranked by other faithfulness constraints (specifically, those that determine that suffix vowel height).
Romance provides another example; word final vowels (other than [a]) in Portuguese are raised to high. One could attribute this to the relative low ranking of faithfulness for word final vowels in Portuguese. In other Romance languages, including many dialects of Italian, high vowel suffixes alter the quality of stem vowels (even if the suffix is word final). In these languages, then, it appears that faithfulness for word-final vowels is highly ranked.
These questions beg the question as to what generalizations can be made of positional faithfulness. Should we expect one type of faithfulness constraint to be highly ranked throughout a family (contra the examples cited above), or can any language rank all types of positional faithfulness freely (as the above examples suggest)? If the answer is more like the latter, I wonder, what has this thesis contributed to the discussion? If the answer is more like the latter, I wonder, what has this thesis contributed to the discussion?
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